Meaning, Scope and Framework of Conflict Resolution and Management Education

Abstract

Conflict is an inherent part of human interaction, arising from differences in needs, desires, values, or interests. Wherever people engage in interactions, whether in personal relationships, communities, organisations, or nations, conflict is bound to occur. The inevitability of conflict stems from the simple fact that human beings are diverse, with distinct perspectives and goals. According to Herbert (2017), conflict emerges when the actions or goals of one party interfere with or are incompatible with those of another. However, while conflict is often viewed negatively, it can also be a source of growth, innovation, and positive change when managed effectively. The challenge, therefore, is not in avoiding conflict but in learning how to address it Understanding and managing conflict is crucial in various settings, from personal relationships to complex organisational dynamics. In workplaces, unresolved conflicts can lead to decreased productivity, low morale, and high turnover. Similarly, in educational institutions, conflicts among students, teachers, or administrators can create a hostile environment that hinders learning and development. In communities, social or cultural conflicts may escalate into violence if not addressed through peaceful dialogue. The 2018 Technical Report on Conflict and Violence in Nigeria revealed that overall levels of violent conflict increased between 2010 and 2016 (World Bank/NBS, Nigeria, 2018). Unfortunately, the Nigerian government's reliance on a kinetic approach has not been effective in mitigating the situation (Nextier, 2023). This highlights the need for non-kinetic approaches, such as the provision of conflict resolution and management education (CRME), which can complement other efforts. Additionally, the effects of conflict are rarely confined to the originating source but often spread to neighbouring areas, states, or regions, and even impact the global community. A violent conflict in one region of Nigeria, for example, poses a potential threat to national and international peace. As Rev. Fr. Matthew Kukah aptly stated, ―In matters of peace and war, there really should be no spectators or bystanders.‖